36. Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they generate.
【译文】 网络服务设计的初衷就是使用越多，产生的利润越多。
【定位】 由题干关键词the more…the more定位到[E]段第三句。
E) Online services like Facebook, twitter and the like, are called out of manipulation-making，products so good that people can’t stop using them. After studying these products for several years, I wrote a book about how they do it. I learned it all starts with the business model. Since these services rely on advertising revenue, the more frequently you use money they make. It’s no wonder these companies employ teams of people focused on engineering their services to be as engaging as possible. These products aren’t habit-forming by chance; it’s by design. They have an incentive to keep us hooked.
【详解】 定位句提到，因为这些服务都依赖于广告收益，人们使用越频繁，其收益就越多。题干中的profit they generate对应原文中的money they make，故答案为E)。
37. The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.
【译文】 作者承认曾使用技术作为借口，逃避手头工作。
【定位】 由题干关键词using technology 和 as an escape定位到[L]段第一句和第七、八句。
L) I have a confession. Even though I study habit-forming technology for a
living, disconnecting is not easy for me. I’m online far more than I’d like.
Like Schwartz and so many others, I often find myself distracted
and off tack. I wanted to know why so I began self-monitoring to try to
understand my behavior. That’s when I discovered an uncomfortable
truth. I use technology as an escape. when I’m doing something I’d
rather not do, or when I’m someplace I’d rather not be, I use my phone
to port myself elsewhere. I found that this ability to instantly shift my
attention was often a good thing, like when passing time on public
transportation, but frequently my tech use was not so benign. When I
faced difficult work, like thinking through an article idea or editing the
same draft for the hundredth time, for example, a more sinister screen
would draw me in. I could easily escape discomfort, temporarily, by
answering email or browsing the web under the pretense of so-called
“research”. Though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere, I
finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do with new-age
technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination (拖延).
【详解】 定位句提到，我必须承认，我使用技术来逃避。当我做一些不想做的事情的时候，或者当我在不想待的地方的时候，我就会用手机来把我带入另一个地方。由此可知，作者把手机当作借口，用来逃避手头工作。题干中的admits对应原文中的have a confession，故答案为L)。
38. Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching.
【译文】 用餐时查看手机现在已被普遍接受，但打嗝却不行。
【定位】 由题干关键词dinners和belching定位到［I］段。
I) Now, imagine the same dinner, but instead of checking their phone, the person belches （打嗝）—loudly. Everyone notices. Unless the meal takes place in a beer house, this is considered bad manners. The impolite act violates the basic rules of etiquette. One has to wonder: why don’t we apply the same social norms to checking phones during meals, meetings and conversations as we do to other antisocial behaviors? Somehow, we accept it and say nothing when someone offends.
【详解】 定位段提到，现在，假设是同样的一次聚餐，但是有人不是看了一下手机，而是大声地打了个嗝，所有的人都会注意到，但我们接受了在用餐、会议和交谈中查看手机，并且在有人冒犯时不会说什么。题干是对该段的概括总结，故答案为I)。
39. To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness of how it is changing but also how it is impacting us.
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【译文】 为了正确使用技术，我们不仅应意识到科技是如何改变的，而且要知道科技正如何影响着我们。
【定位】 由题干关键词technology is changing定位到［O］最后一句。
O) These improvements don’t mean we shouldn’t attempt to control our use of technology. In order to make sure it doesn’t control us, we should come to terms with the fact that it’s more than the technology itself that’s responsible for our habits. Our workplace culture, social norms and individual behaviors all play a part. To put technology in its place, we must be conscious not only of how technology is changing, but also of how it is changing us.
【详解】 ［O］段最后一句提到，为了更好地利用技术，我们不仅要关注技术是如何改变的，而且还要关注技术是如何改变我们的。题干中的To make proper use of technology对应原文中的To put technology in its place; increase our awareness对应原文中的be conscious，故答案为O)。
40. Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of internet distractions.
【译文】 我们大多数人都觉得由于因特网分神，难以把注意力放在当前任务上。
【定位】 由题干关键词focus on以及Internet distractions定位到［B］段前两句。
B) There’s little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the Net has difficulty disconnecting. Many of us, like Schwartz, struggle to stay focused on tasks that require more concentration than it takes to post a status update. As one person ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz’s online article, “As I was reading this very excellent article, I stopped at least half a dozen times to check my email.”
【详解】 ［B］段首句提到，毋庸置疑，几乎我们所有接触网络的人都很难摆脱它。我们很多人，就像施瓦兹一样，努力集中注意力来完成需要专注力的工作，而这比发一个动态更新难很多。由此可知，大多数人都觉得因特网会分散我们的注意力，我们很难把注意力集中在当前任务上。根据上下文可知，题干中的Most of us对应原文中的nearly everyone，故答案为B)。
41. When one person starts checking their phone, the others will follow suit.
【译文】 当有人开始查看手机，其他人会跟着做。
【定位】 由题干关键词checking their phones及follow suit定位到［J］段前两句。
J) The reality is, taking one’s phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious. Once one person looks at their phone, other people feel compelled to do the same, starting a chain reaction. The more people are on their phones, the fewer people are talking until finally you’re the only one left not reading email or checking Twitter. From a societal perspective, phone checking is less like belching in public and more like another bad habit. Our phones are like cigarettes—something to do when we’re anxious, bored or when our fingers need something to toy with. Seeing others enjoy a smoke, or sneak a quick glance, is too tempting to resist and soon everyone is doing it.
【详解】 ［J］段提到，查看手机是会传染的。一旦有人查看自己的手机，其他人会感到他们也必须那样做，这就引发了一个连锁反应。 题干中的follow suit对应原文中的contagious和feel compelled to do the same，故答案为J)。
42. The great majority of smart phone users don’t take the trouble to adjust their settings to suit their own purposes.
【译文】 大多数手机用户不会费劲去调整他们的设置来适应自己的需要。
【定位】 由题干关键词smartphone users和adjust their settings定位到［F］段最后两句。
F) However, as good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them at bay. For example, we can change how often we receive the distracting notifications that trigger our urge to check. According to Adam Marchick, CEO of mobile marketing company Kahuna, less than 15 percent of smartphone users ever bother to adjust their notification settings—meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to the app makers’ every preset trigger. Google and Apple have made it far too difficult to adjust these settings so it’s up to us to take steps to ensure we set these triggers to suit our own needs, not the needs of the app makers’.
【详解】 定位句提到，只有不到15%的手机用户会特意调整通知设置，这就意味着我们当中85%的人会默认软件制造商的各种预设置。题干中的The great majority of对应原文中的85 percent of us; suit their own purposes对应原文中的suit our own needs，故答案为F)。
43. The internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.
【译文】 有人认为因特网就是设计用来分散我们的注意力。
【定位】 由题干关键词Internet、designed to和attention定位到［D］段最后一句。
D) The technologies themselves, and their makers, are the easiest suspects to blame for our diminishing attention spans. Nicholas Carr, author of The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, wrote, “The net is designed to be an interruption system, a machine geared to dividing attention.”
【详解】 ［D］段最后一句提到，“网络设计之初就是一种中断系统，一种分散注意力的机器。”题干中的distract our attention对应原文中的dividing attention，故答案为D)。
44. The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off doing what he should.
【译文】 作者把他的技术瘾主要归咎于自己推迟当前要做的事情的习惯。
【定位】 由题干关键词habit定位到［L］段最后一句。
L) I have a confession. Even though I study habit-forming technology for a living, disconnecting is not easy for me. I’m online far more than I’d like. Like Schwartz and so many others, I often find myself distracted and off task. I wanted to know why so I began self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior. That’s when I discovered an uncomfortable truth. I use technology as an escape. When I’m doing something I’d rather not do, or when I’m someplace I’d rather not be, I use my phone to port myself elsewhere. I found that this ability to instantly shift my attention was often a good thing, like when passing time on public transportation. But frequently my tech use was not so benign. When I faced difficult work, like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time, for example, a more sinister screen would draw me in. I could easily escape discomfort, temporarily, by answering email or browsing the web under the pretense of so-called “research.” Though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere, I finally had to admit that my bad habits had less to do with new-age technology and more to do with old-fashioned procrastination （拖延）.
【详解】 ［L］段最后一句提到，尽管我非常希望把这归罪于其他原因，我最终还是不得不承认，我的坏习惯与新时代的技术没有太大关系，而是更多取决于拖延的老毛病。题干中的attributes…to对应原文的less to do with…more to do with…；putting off doing what he should do right away对应原文中的procrastination，故答案为L)。
45. White-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required by their employers.
【译文】 白领们一整天都要查看邮件，因为这是他们老板要求的。
【定位】 由题干关键词White-collar和check email定位到［G］段第五至八句。
G) While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. Take email, for example. This system couldn’t care less how often you use it. Yet to many, email is the most habit-forming medium of all. We check email at all hours of the day—we’re obsessed. But why? Because that’s what the boss wants. For almost all white-collar jobs, email is the primary tool of corporate communication. A slow response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.
【详解】 ［G］段提到，我们每天随时都会检查邮件——我们着迷了。但这是为什么呢？因为这是我们老板要求的。对于大多数白领而言，邮件是公司通讯最主要的工具。题干中的round the clock对应原文中的at all hours of the day; it is required by their employers对应原文中的that’s what the boss wants，故答案为G)。
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