As a country boasting a vast territory and encompassing a large population, people in many places of China speak their own dialects. Dialects vary greatly in pronunciation but slightly in vocabulary and grammar. Some dialects, especially those from the north and the south, are so different that their speakers often have trouble understanding each other. Although dialects are considered as an integral part of the local culture, the number of people who can speak them has been undergoing a continuous decline in recent years. In order to encourage people to speak local dialects more often, some local governments have taken measures such as setting up dialect courses and broadcasting dialect programs on radio and TV, with a hope to preserve the local cultural heritage.
1. 第一句中,“中国幅员辽阔,人口众多”是“很多地方人们都说自己的方言”的原因,因此前后两句可以用表示原因的连词as、 because、 so等连接;也可以用as引出的介词短语作原因状语,即“作为一个幅员辽阔,人口众多的国家,中国……”,a country作介词as的宾语,“幅员辽阔”和“人口众多”作后置定语修饰country。
2. 第二句中,“在发音上差别最大”和“词汇和语法差别较小”是逻辑上的转折关系,因此两个分句用表示转折关系的连词but、while或副词however连接。“在……(方面)”用介词in表示;“差别”可以用动词vary或differ,也可以将其转化为短语have difference;差别“大小”可以用形容词big、 great、 large、 substantial或small、 slight表示。
3. 第三句主干是“有些方言差异很大”,造成的结果是“说不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话”,因此整句话可以用“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句译出;“特别是北方和南方的方言”译作插入语;由于本句以“有些方言”作主语,因此“说不同方言的人”可以简单翻译为their (the dialects’) speakers或者可以直译为定语从句people who speak different dialects;“很难听懂彼此的讲话”还可简单译为have difficulty in understanding each other。
4. 第四句中,前后两个分句之间为转折关系,可以用转折连词but或转折副词however连接。“当地文化的一个组成部分”译为an integral part of the local culture;“近年来能说方言的人数不断减少”主干是“人数不断减少”,“近年来能说方言的”修饰“人数”,因为是“不断减少”,使用现在完成进行时较为合适。
5. 第五句中,“为了……”译为to/in order to引出的目的状语;“鼓励某人做某事”译为encourage sb. to do sth.;句子主干是“政府采取措施”,“如在学校开设方言课,在广播和电视上播放方言节目”作插入语,可译为such as结构;“以期保存本地的文化遗产”是表达希望的状语,译为介词短语with a hope to或分词短语hoping to/attempting to等都可以。