参考译文

The full name of China’s Han people consists of family name and given name. The characteristic of Chinese name is that the family name always comes first, followed by the given name. Getting the family name from one’s father has been passed down from generation to generation for thousands of years. Nowadays, however, it is not uncommon for children to take their mother’s family name. Generally speaking, a given name is composed of one or two Chinese characters, which usually carries the parents’ hope for their children. What can be inferred from a child’s name is what kind of person the parents want their kids to be, or what kind of life they expect them to live. Parents attach great importance to naming their children because names tend to accompany their children through their lives.

难点注释

第一句:本句为简单句,直译即可。注意“中国”与“汉族人”之间为从属关系,因此应用China’s而不是Chinese。“由……组成”有两种翻译方法:consist of和be composed of,注意前者是主动语态而后者是被动语态。

第二句:本句中 “中文姓名的特点是……”可使用一个表语从句结构翻译,“姓在前,名在后”一句可使用and连接的并列句翻译,也可以把“名跟在其后”一句作为前半句的非限制性定语从句翻译。

第三句:本句表示千百年来一直持续的状态,因此应当使用现在完成时。注意中文“世代相传”翻译时要用被动语态,可用“be passed down from generation to generation”。

第四句:本句中“父姓”一词隐含“孩子从父亲处继承姓氏”的含义,翻译时应当完整翻译出来,可使用动名词短语进行翻译。“并不罕见”可译为“not uncommon”。“孩子跟母亲姓”作为主语太长,可用“it”代替作形式主语来翻译。

第五句:本句话有两个主谓结构,翻译时可根据句子的内在逻辑将“通常承载父母对孩子的愿望”处理为定语从句,“承载”可使用“carry”。

第六句:本句动词较多,需要理清句子主干。“(从名字推断出的)是(父母希望孩子成为什么样的人和过什么样的生活)”为主系表结构。“从孩子的名字推断出”可作为主语从句,谓语动词“成为”可用be翻译,“父母希望孩子成为什么样的人,过什么样的生活”可翻译为表语从句。

第七句:本句中包含两个分句,存在因果关系,可处理为用because连接的两个简单句。后面一个分句可处理为原因状语从句,“非常重视”可用“attach great importance to doing…”。