2017年12月四级真题(第二套)答案解析
全文翻译

编制对健康的益处

A) 大约15年前,我被邀请加入编织小组。我同意试一试。

B) (41) 15岁时,母亲曾教过我编织,大学期间我在课上编织过,毕业后的几年里,也一直在编织。然而几 十年过去了,我再也没有碰过织针。但在两个周一参加了编织小组的活动后,我就被吸引了,不仅被编织吸引, 而且还被钩织吸引了,我快要成为一个非常高产的手艺人了。

C) 我编织了无数的婴儿毯、毛衣、围巾、帽子和婴儿帽。到哪儿都带着我的编织活,尤其当我需要坐着不动 聆听的时候。(36) 正如我在大学时发现的那样,当我的双手忙碌时,我的头脑就会专注于当下。

D) 似乎我也是全国性地对编织和其他手工艺重燃兴趣的一员。工艺纱理事会报告说,如今年龄在25岁至 35岁之间的女士中有三分之一的人在编织或钩织。(38) 甚至男士和中小学生也加入到这个大队伍中,其中就 包括我朋友的三个小孙子。去年四月份,为了庆祝国家压力意识月,工艺纱理事会发起了一场“缝走压力”的活 动。身心医学研究所的创始人、《放松反应》的作者赫伯特·本森博士说,针线活儿的重复动作可以像沉思和瑜 伽那样产生放松的状态。一旦你超越了最初的学习曲线,编织和钩织就可以降低心率和血压。

E) (45) 但与沉思不同的是,手艺活做出了有形且常常有用的物品,这些物品能增强自尊。我在手机里保 留着自己非凡成就的照片,以便在需要时提振精神。

F) (43) 自20世纪90年代以来,工艺纱理事会调查了成千上万的编织者和钩织者,他们经常把缓解压力和 创造性满足列为这些活动的主要收获。他们中有一个女儿早产的父亲,他说孩子在重症监护病房的五个星期 里,“在我觉得非常无助的时候,学着编织婴儿帽给了我一种目标感。这成了我一直在坚持的一个爱好,并且它 仍帮助我应对工作中的压力,在忙碌的日子里提供一种秩序感,让我的大脑有时间解决问题。

G) 最近纱线公司 Red Heart发布了一封主题为“钩织和编织对健康的益处”的电子邮件,这封邮件促使我 去探索编织之类的活动所带来的健康价值中还有什么其他需要了解的。我的研究表明,这些活动带来的回报远 远超过了以创造的满足感来代替压力和焦虑。

H) (37) 例如,多伦多的一名人生教练海伦·海耶斯实施了编织治疗方案,包括用“编织戒烟”方案来帮助 抽烟者戒烟,“编织治疗”方案来帮助人们应对健康危机,比如癌症诊断或某个家庭成员的严重疾病。有手艺课 程的学校和监狱报告说,这些课程能产生镇静的效果,并能提高社交技能。遵循复杂手艺课程的指导可以提高 孩子的数学技能。

I) 一些人发现,手艺活可以帮助他们控制体重。(42) 就像边编织边抽烟很难一样,当手里拿着编织针和 钩针时,就会减少因无聊而吃零食和瞎吃的可能性。

J) 我发现,尽管不断变老,用纱线做手工使我患了关节炎的手指更加灵巧。一位女士在患了引发手部剧痛的 自身免疫疾病以后,被鼓励尝试编织,她在工艺纱理事会的网站上汇报说,她的手现在不那么僵硬和疼痛了。

K) 不列颠哥伦比亚大学2009年研究了38名学习编织的患有饮食失调症的女士,研究发现,学习这种手艺 有效改善了饮食失调症。她们中74%的人表示,这项活动减轻了她们的恐惧,使她们不去想自己的疾病。

L) 蓓塔森·科克希尔是一名来自英格兰巴斯的健康教练,同时也是《为健康和幸福编织》一书的作者,她创 建了一个名为 Stitchlinks的网站,探索被她称之为编织治疗的价值。在她的受访者中,54%的临床抑郁症患者 表示编织使他们感到高兴或非常高兴。(40) 科克希尔女士和同事对60名自我报名称患有持续性疼痛的患者进 行了一项研究,她们报告称编织使患者们能够重新调整自己的注意力,减少对疼痛的意识。她认为,大脑一次只 能处理这么多事情,编织和钓织之类的活动使大脑很难注意到疼痛信号。也许最令人兴奋的是,研究表明诸如 编织和钩织等手艺可能有助于防止因年龄增长导致的大脑功能退化。在2011年的一项研究中,由罗切斯特市马 友诊所的约纳斯·杰达博士带领的研究人员随机采访了1,321名年龄在70岁至89岁的人,他们中大部分人在 认知方面是正常的,研究人员针对他们晚年从事的认知活动进行了访问。(44) 该研究发表在《精神医学与临床 神经科学杂志》上,研究发现那些从事编织和钩织等手艺的人患轻度认知障碍和记忆力丧失的可能性会降低。

M) 尽管只有认知健康的人才有可能从事这样的活动,但那些阅读报纸、杂志,或伴奏的人却没有表现出类 似的好处。研究人员推测,手艺活动促进了大脑神经通路的发展,有助于保持认知健康。

N) 为了支持这一建议,德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校的丹尼斯·C.帕克和他的同事于2014年进行了一项研 完,该研究证明,学习编织或数码摄影能增强老年人的记忆功能。那些参加非智力挑战活动的人,无论是社交团 体还是孤身一人,都没有显示出这样的改善。

O) (39) 鉴于持续的社会交往已被证明有助土健康和长寿,那些希望最大程度发挥手工艺健康价值的人可 以考虑加入感兴趣的小组。对我来说,我尽量不错过编织小组每周一次的活动。

详解详析

36. When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped her concentrate.

(译文)当作者是一名大学生时,她发现编 织有助于她集中注意力。

(定位)由题干中的 college, found和 concentrate 定位到原文画线处。

C) I've made countless baby blankets, sweaters, scarves, hats, caps for newborns. I take a knitting project with me everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and listen. As I discovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here and now.

(详解) C)段末句提到,正如我在大学时发现的那样,当我的双手忙碌时,我的头脑就会专注于当下。题干 中的 found对应原文中的 discovered; concentrate对应 stays focused on,题干是对定位句的同义转述,故答案为C)。

37. Knitting can help people stay away from tobacco.

(译文)编织可以帮助人 们远离烟草。

(定位)由题干中的 Knitting, help 和 tobacco 定位到原文画线处。

H) For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs, including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family member. Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills. And having to follow instructions on complex craft projects can improve children's math skills.

(详解) H)段定位句前半句提到,多伦多的一名人生教练海伦·海耶斯实施了编织治疗方案,其中就包括用 “编织戒烟”方案来帮助抽烟者戒烟。题干中的 stay away from tobacco对应原文中的 give up the habit,题干 是对定位句的概括归纳,故答案为H)。

38. Even men and children are now joining the army of knitters.

(译文)甚至男士和孩 子也加入了编织者大军。

(定位）由题干中的 men and children和 joining the army定位到 原文画线处。

D) It seems, too, that I'm part of a national renewal of interest in needle and other handicrafts(手工 艺). The Craft Yarn Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or crochet. Even men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among them my friend's three small grandsons. Last April, the council created a "Stitch Away Stress" campaign in honor of National Stress Awareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce a relaxed state like that associated with meditation (沉思) and yoga. Once you get beyond the initial learning curve, knitting and crocheting can lower heart rate and blood pressure.

(详解) D)段前三句提到,如今全国人都对编织和其他手艺重燃兴趣,不仅仅是女士对编织和钩织感兴趣, 甚至男士和中小学生也在壮大这一队伍。题干中的 men and children对应原文中的 men and schoolchildren; joining the army of knitters对应原文中的 swelling the ranks,题干是对定位句的同义转述,故答案为D)。

39. Being a member of a crafts group enhances one's health and prolongs one's life.

(译文)成为某个手工艺小组的成员可以增进 健康,延长生命。

(定位)由题干中的 crafts group和 health定 位到原文画线处。

O) Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a long life, those wishing to maximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks. I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting of my knitting group.

(详解) 定位句提到,鉴于持续的社会交往已被证明有助于健康和长寿,那些希望最大程度发挥手工艺健康 价值的人可以考虑加入感兴趣的小组。题干是对定位句的概括归纳,故答案为 O)。

40. Knitting diverts people's attention from their pain.

(译文)编织能转移人 们对疼痛的注意力。

(定位)由题干中的 Knitting和pain定位到原 文画线处。

L) Betsan Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book knit for Health & Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeutic knitting. Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random (随机的) sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively (在认知方面) normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life. The study, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and crocheting had a diminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.

(详解) 定位句提到,科克希尔女士和同事们研究发现,编织使人们能够重新调整自己的注意力,减少对疼痛 的意识,编织和钩织之类的活动使大脑很难注意到疼痛信号。由此可知,编织能分散人们对疼痛的注意力,题 干是对定位句的概括归纳,故答案为L)。

41. The author learnt to knit as a teenager, but it was not until she was much older that she became keenly interested.

(译文)作者在青少年时就学过编织,但 是直到年长后,她才对编织非常感兴趣。

(定位)由题干中的 knit as a teenager和 keenly interested 定位到B)段。

B) My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college and for a few years thereafter. Then decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also on crocheting(钩织), and I was on my way to becoming a highly productive crafter.

(详解) 定位段提到,作者在15岁时曾学过编织,在大学期间及大学毕业后的几年里,也一直在编织,但在后 来的几十年里再也没有碰过织针,直到在两个周一参加了编织小组的活动后,作者就被编织和钩织吸引了,快 要成为一个非常高产的手艺人了。题干中的 as a teenager对应原文中的 at 15; became keenly interested对 应原文中的 was hooked,题干是对定位段的概括总结,故答案为B)。

42. When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer snacks.

(译文)当人们编织时,吃的零食往往会变少。

(定位)由题干中的 knitting和 fewer snacks定 位到原文画线处。

I) Some people find that craftwork helps them control their weight. Just as it's challenging to smoke while knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there's less snacking and mindless eating out of boredom.

(详解) I)段提到,一些人发现,手艺活可以帮助他们控制体重。就像边编织边抽烟很困难一样,当手里拿着 编织针和钩针时,因无聊而吃零食和瞎吃就会减少。简言之,编织时,人们就会减少吃零食。题干中的 eat fewer snacks 对应原文中的 less snacking and mindless eating,题干是对定位句的同义转述,故答案为I)。

43. Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve stress.

(译文) 调查结果显示,编 织可以帮助人们缓解压力。

(定位) 由题干中 Survey 和 relieve stress定位到原文 画线处。

F) Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, who routinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities' main benefits. Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reported that during the baby's five weeks in the intensive care unit, "learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of purpose during a time that I felt very helpless. it's a hobby that I've stuck with, and it continues to help me cope with stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic (忙乱的) days, and allow my brain time to solve problems."

(详解) 定位句提到,自20世纪90年代以来,工艺纱理事会调查了成千上万的编织者和钩织者,他们经常把 缓解压力和创造性满足列为这些活动的主要收获。题干中的 help...relieve stress对应原文中的 stress relief, 题干是对定位句的同义转述,故答案为F)。

44. According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild cognitive damage.

(译文) 一项研究发现,编织 者和钩织者遭受轻度认知损害 的可能性更低。

(定位) 由题干中 knitters and crocheters 和 mild cognitive damage定位到原文 画线处。

L) Betsan Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book knit for Health & Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeutic knitting. Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random (随机的) sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively (在认知方面) normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life. The study, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and crocheting had a diminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.

(详解) 定位句提到,研究发现那些从事编织和钩织等手工艺的人患轻度认知障碍和记忆力丧失的可能性会 降低。题干中的 are less likely to suffer... 对应原文中的 had a diminished chance of developing...,题干是对 定位句的同义转述,故答案为L)。

45. The products of knitting can increase one's sense of self-respect.

(译文）编织的物品可以增强人们的自尊。

(定位) 由题干中的 products和 sense of self- respect定位到原文画线处。 ||| E) But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem. I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boost my spirits when needed. ||| (详解) 定位句提到,与沉思不同的是,手艺活能做出有形且实用的物品,这些物品能增强自尊,由此可知,编 织的物品可以增强自尊。题干中的 Increase one' s sense of self-respect对应原文中的 enhance self-estemm, 故答案为E)。